Home / Concept of the Week / Role exit

Concept of the Week · Episode 7

Role exit

The process of stopping being what you were, whether that is a job, a marriage, a vocation or a public office. It runs in four stages: first doubts, seeking alternatives, a turning point, and then the slow work of building the ex-role.

Where it comes from

Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh's 1988 book Becoming an Ex, based on interviews with ex-nuns, ex-doctors, retirees, divorcees and former convicts, who all described the same shape.

How Peter explained it on the show

Role exit. Psychologists, as Peter puts it, like to have names for things that are bleedingly obvious, and this is the name for the process of stopping being what you were. Helen Rose Ebaugh set it out in 1988 after interviewing ex-nuns, ex-doctors, retirees, divorcees and former convicts, and finding they were all describing the same four stages: first doubts, seeking alternatives, a turning point, and then the slow work of building the ex-role. Her advice was to mark the change rather than let it happen to you. Peter did none of that, and what he came away with instead is two different answers to the question people ask at parties.

Why it mattered that week

Peter had just retired from the university, and Keir Starmer had just stood down as an MP, so episode seven was role exit twice over. Ebaugh's advice was to mark the change with some sort of ceremony rather than let it happen to you. Peter did none of that: no leaving do, no exit interview, and he is not sorry about it either. What he did end up with is two answers to the question people ask at parties. If he is enjoying the conversation he is a psychologist who works independently now. If he is not, he is retired.

Hear it in context

I Just Handed In My Lanyard

Starmer's exit, gravitas, and the war on Black Friday

Peter retired without a leaving do, which turns out to be the key to a week of news about people stepping out of one role and into another.

Questions people ask

What are the four stages of role exit?

First doubts, when the role starts to chafe. Seeking alternatives, when you begin to imagine other lives. The turning point, often a single event that makes the decision. And creating the ex-role, which is the long tail: working out who you are now and how to answer when someone asks what you do.

Should you mark a retirement or a resignation?

Ebaugh thought so, and most of the advice literature agrees: a ritual gives the change a shape and lets other people acknowledge it. Peter's experience is the counter-example. He handed in his lanyard on the Friday and was doing something else on the Monday, which suggests the ceremony matters more to some people than to others.

Other concepts from the series

Mirror neurons · Authenticity · Confirmation bias · Attribution theory · INUS conditions · Variable ratio reinforcement

About the series

Concept of the Week is a regular feature of Experience, the weekly podcast in which clinical psychologist Professor Peter Kinderman and communications expert Hilary Jeffs take the news apart to see what is driving it. Peter picks a psychological idea most of us have half-remembered wrong and explains what it actually shows. New episodes every Tuesday. Where to listen.